Which of the following actions is considered an act of insubordination?

Openly disrespecting an officer’s instructions is clearly an act of insubordination because it undermines authority and the chain of command. In a structured environment like emergency services, compliance with orders and directives is crucial for maintaining discipline, safety, and effective operations. When an individual shows open disrespect, it not only challenges the authority of the officer but can also disrupt teamwork and the organizational structure vital in high-stakes situations.

The other options present actions that do not necessarily constitute insubordination. Agreeing with an order and then refusing to comply can signal confusion or a change of mind but requires further context to determine insubordination. Seeking clarification on a directive shows a willingness to understand expectations and does not demonstrate defiance. Being late to a training session may involve personal issues but doesn’t directly challenge authority in the manner that open disrespect does.